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Static Full Text Search

I've decided that what this site needs is full text search. It really is essential for navigating all my exhilarating content! Check it out on the search page!

But I also don't want to move away from static hosting. I don't want to care for a search backend and data ingestion and all the stuff that comes from hosting a site. Not that I couldn't do it, and in a professional context with a site that has enough data, that is absolutely what I'd suggestAnd in case you need something along those lines you should definitely hire me!, but for my small little personal site it sounds like too much of a hassle.
So I built a static search for this site, using my site generator Heron and the JS search library Fuse.js.

If you're only interested in learning how to do this/implementing it yourself, you can skip to the tutorial part.

Heron

It really is quite simple. I added a transformer that takes the root collection (ie. all files), pulls out the original markdown and sticks it into a single file as the simplest JSON I could think of. I didn't even bother filtering anything, all of the site is in there. Even the search page itself. You can see that file under search_index.json, and it just contains a text-only version of all the content on this site. Or any Heron site that uses the newest version of Heron and has search-index enabled, for that matterThere must be millions out there!.

Using this functionality is as simple as passing --generate-search when generating the siteRemember to remove the cache before doing that, otherwise it won't pick up the correct search contents. Bonus fun fact: it takes about 15 seconds to regenerate this site completely without the cache..

Took about an hour to write and is something like 50 lines of python. It's on the repository, in case you want to have a look.

Ugh!

Javascript

The more involved part is actually the Javascript implementation here, even though the end result isn't super complicated either. The most extravagant part is the timer that waits a bit before it does the actual search (and that isn't even needed, really).

I tried Fuse.js but the search results were not good. Then I tried uFuzzy but that one can't search in objects. It does have a great comparison page, however, and that brought me to MiniSearch, which is what I'm using now.

Let's go through the sources quickly, just so I don't forget how I did this:

<!-- loading MiniSearch from its minified single-file-script -->
<!-- of course I vendored the file -->
<script src="/js/minisearch.min.js"></script>

<!-- it's just an input field -->
<!-- you may ignore these styles, I just added them here because my CSS does not include styling for inputs -->
<input
         id="searchfield"
         type="text"
         placeholder="Search..."
         style='width:100%;padding:0.4em;font-size:21px;font-family:et-book,Palatino,"Palatino Linotype","Palatino LT STD","Book Antiqua",Georgia,serif;'>

<!-- preparing some elements for display
     since I am not using any template libraries, I have to do this manually. It is not so bad,
     because the content is small enough to model with regular fields with `id`s -->
<div id="results" style="display: none;">
    <h2 id="result_header"></h2>
    <ul id="result_list">
    </ul>
</div>

And finally, this massive Javascript script:

// two convenience functions; not strictly necessary, but make the structure below a bit nicer
function show(element) {
    element.style.display = 'block';
};
function hide(element) {
    element.style.display = 'none';
}

// once we have finished searching, we need to show the results, this function isolates that
// could be inlined, but meh!
function renderResult(result, searchPhrase) {
    let rendered = "";
    for (const item of result) {
        rendered += `<li><a href="${item.url}">${item.title}</a></li>`
    }

    result_header.innerHTML = `Results for “${searchPhrase}”`;
    result_list.innerHTML = rendered;
    show(results);
};

// these are the search options; I arrived at those through rigorous scientific experiments!!!
const miniSearch = new MiniSearch({
    fields: ['title', 'content'],
    storeFields: ['title', 'url'],
    searchOptions: {
        boost: { title: 2 },
        prefix: true,
        fuzzy: 0.3,
    },
})

// this is where the actual magic happens: first we get the search index, extract its JSON and finally...
fetch('/search_index.json')
    .then((response) => response.json())
    .then(data => {

        // once we have the data, we build the search index (this only happens once at the beginning)
        miniSearch.addAll(data);

        // this is called from the timer every time we do an actual search
        // note me cleverly putting the function in this closure!
        function search() {
            const results = miniSearch.search(searchfield.value);
            renderResult(results, searchfield.value);
        };

        // here's the only little bit of extravagance I made for myself: the timer
        // the idea is that on every input event, we re-start a timer; only when
        // the timer expires do we actually do the search. This makes the site
        // not lock up while the user is still typing.
        // Turns out, the actual search is fast enough, so I set the delay to 0; this
        // at least takes the search out of the event loop.
        let timer;
        searchfield.oninput = function () {
            clearTimeout(timer);
            if (!searchfield.value) {
                hide(results);
                return;
            }
            timer = setTimeout(search, 0);
        };
    });

This is the readable version. For production I minimised the script. By hand, of course.

So, what did we learn today? A few things!

  • Modern JS has a very nice for (const x of y) loop.
  • Modern JS has proper string interpolation. When did that land?!
  • Modern JS allows you to use elements directly from their id. You can still do document.getElementById and this will probably be faster if you do a lot of accesses to the same document, but for me it was just not necessary.
  • You can absolutely build interesting and useful things without JS frameworks and libraries. Just start building, and in less than a hundred lines of code you'll have created something nice!
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